This is what Chase has to tell himself in order to justify his radical approach to gender affirmation. Ever. Its awful for young people who have had a different amount of medical access than Major to have to think, Oh, this could go away. Yet the lesson of our lives is that we will always find a way. The most incredible part of our work is working with our clients, who are so fierce in their advocacy for themselves before they even reach us. Major, youve seen just about everything The Powers That Be can put in our way. Are they getting a lot of response from around the country? 2/. Trans is beautiful. Before trans people came into the picture, there is no regime that's created-CHASE STRANGIO: Completely. Signs Trans Youth Health Care Ban, Tennessee Advances Its Own. And I think that we learn that male and female are part of the fabric of the universe. This is a place for all trans\* identified individuals, those questioning their identities, and allies A law that bans transgender Arkansans younger than 18 from accessing transition-related With your support, we will keep working to stop extreme abortion bans and all attacks on our civil liberties. I dont need no permission from outside my front door. He is doing the organization no good. A lawyer for Manning, the ACLU's Chase Strangio, spoke with Manning on Tuesday after she was informed of the military's decision. But Yance Ford is the first openly trans director to be nominated for an Oscar. There should absolutely be bans on performing gender confirmation surgery on minors. So the defense is really offense in way, as were working together to hold back these violent systems to protect the people who are doing the most creative, beautiful building, like what Majors done in Little Rock. At the same time, though, these bills actually permit nonconsensual surgical intervention on infants with intersex traits to normalize their bodies, even though such care is often performed in infancy with lifelong physical consequences and is considered to be a form of torture by the United Nations. Numerous ACLU staffers told me that one of the most vocal and effective advocates for a more nuanced free speech approach was Chase Strangio, the ACLUs Deputy Director for Transgender Justice of its LGBT & HIV Project, who I also interviewed.I knew Strangio as an excellent lawyer who earned my admiration from his years of dedication representing Help keep up the fight against extreme and blatantly unconstitutional efforts to ban abortion in Texas and across the country. So it's unlikely to be resolved through Welcome to Trans Futures Week, a project that joins our community's foremost thinkers in historic discussions about the future of transgender storytelling, power, healthcare, and more. Post anything about gender detransition. Our alma mater even gave him an honorary Doctor of Laws a few years back. Posted at 1:21 pm on May 24, 2021 by Sarah D. We havent been huge fans of 60 Minutes' work as of late, but they deserve kudos for tackling the issue of detransitioning, something few LGBTQ advocates are willing to acknowledge exists: 60 Minutes highlights transgender people who have decided to de-transition and Im sure it wont be seen as controversial in the least. FIGHT UNCONSTITUTIONAL ABORTION BANS. Blaire White Youtubers is trans? Given this, these anti-science bills cannot be understood as motivated by concerns about children or their ability to consent to medical treatment. https://t.co/nK1i2vWSCO, Colin Wright (@SwipeWright) September 26, 2022. Chase Strangio of the American Civil Liberties Union tweeted, Abigail Shriers book is a dangerous polemic with a goal of making people not trans. This is a serious problem. And they have the nerve to think that there werent any transgender people at that time. I thought this was interesting commentary: https://twitter.com/LeorSapir/status/1595393115266977793?t=Bk9W8YOlfQalqaDC6_xvAA&s=19, You see, some people are soooo deep into their minds that a funny lil thing called confirmation bias and delusions walk in. While lawmakers and proponents of these bills claim they are necessary to save womens sports, most supporters of the legislation cant point to a single trans youth athlete in their state, let alone one who has ever displaced a nontransgender athlete, and no one can explain how they save womens sports. Doctors informed Arkansas lawmakers they would each be receiving a call when trans kids were hurt or died as a result of HB1570. No complications seems like a bit of a stretch considering the nature of that kind of surgery. Jazz Jennings was a minor who had genital surgery, and there are numerous medical papers in peer-reviewed journals documenting that this absolutely happens. Weve got to keep protecting ourselves because no one understands us but us. LGBTQ+ activists blast, Blaire White Youtubers is trans? Why? No one can help us but us.. with your case, the A.C.L.U. They say were unhappy, that were unlovable. She knows a thing or two about this battle. ", "Laverne Cox: We exist, we deserve human rights", "This Lawyer Is Fighting a Deeply Personal Battle for Trans Rights", "SRLP's Gabriel Foster, Chase Strangio and Bali White honored by the Trans 100! [4][9], In October 2019, Strangio was one of the lawyers representing Aimee Stephens, a trans woman who was fired from her job at a funeral home, in the U.S. Supreme Court case R.G. End/, ACLU lawyer and trans activist Chase Strangio slams 60 Minutes for giving people who regret transitioning a chance to tell their stories. You can also join our discord server at: The court ruled that it is illegal to discriminate in employment on the basis of transgender identity or sexual orientation. Anyway, I do have to say that Im grateful that Chase is a Juris Doctor and not a medical one, because based on his take on the New York Times article, its probably safe to say that he would not have upheld the Hippocratic Oath when it comes to children: I had top surgery 13 years ago. I have to be who I am." I am free. Chase Strangio isnt an advocate for anything except his own agenda. Did they surgically remove your healthy knee bec your pronouns were kneeless/person? Would you prefer they were silenced and unable to speak out? And kudos to @60Minutes for responsibly handling it. You think Strangio believes we don't exist; make that case, and point out how he's wrong and harmful to all dysphoric people when he dismisses one kind of dysphoric experience. In many states, Republican lawmakers are pushing pseudoscientific, stereotype-ridden bills that will hurt trans kids under the guise of protecting them. Of course we will. CHASE STRANGIO: I think about this a lot, because one of the things that's challenging about identity formation is that we're so influenced by sort of the narrative we think we're supposed to tell. Several of these bills classify any gender affirmation of trans young people as a form of child abuse, a provision which, if enacted, threatens to imprison medical providers as well as parents and guardians who affirm their children. The latest by Chase Strangio. Janmashtami 2020 Uk, Your email address will not be published. Chase was apparently born with a different name than he currently uses, because his birth name didnt align with his gender. I think its safe to assume Chase was born transition Republicans launch unconstitutional bid to 223 Chase Strangio with the ACLU speaks to reporters after the ruling. No one can help us but us. He was also part of the team suing on behalf of trans student Gavin Grimm, who was denied access to the boys' restrooms at his school. Why was it the wrong momment for them to share their lived experience? Does Strangio understand what hes saying here? Chase Strangio (he/him) is a transgender lawyer and activist working with the ACLU. The woman at the center of the first transgender-rights case to come before the Supreme Court died before a decision was handed down. Theyre going to keep thinking whatever they think about us, and that has to stop. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Cond Nast. It seems like a substantial amount of trans mobilization, whether it be in the courtroom or on the streets, takes the form of defense, justifiably so. it is also wild that strangio can mouth off on twitter that way while being a part of the freaking aclu. you're never going to be able to convince people who hate you to hear you out. This was both in 2000 and 2004, and especially in 2004, and by this point our relationship was more fractured, but LGBT issues were a huge part of the national conversation. U.S. Army whistleblower, Chelsea Manning, has ended her hunger strike after officials have agreed to give her the gender transition surgery she needs. CHASE STRANGIO: Over time, we're just going to see that we're making these choices. ", "Commencement 2018 Is Complete | Grinnell College", "ACLU attorney Chase Strangio to receive 2020 Stonewall Award", "Chase Strangio: The 100 Most Influential People of 2020", "Also.Also.Also: Chase Strangio and Kimberly Drew Are the Cutest Queer Love Story You'll See Today! Why doesnt she check her mail? From in-depth storytelling on the fight for LGBTQ+ rights to intimate profiles of queer cultural vanguards, its a platform for all of the bold, stylish, and rebellious ways that LGBTQ+ people are reshaping our world every day. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Chase Strangio, an attorney with the ACLU who happens to be a trans man, said that Real Sports failed to get its fact right, on Title IX Feb. 17, 2021, 10:32 AM PST. 223 Monday, March 22, on the fifth anniversary of the introduction of House Bill 2, or the Bathroom Bill, another attack was launched on the transgender people living in North Carolina. the abominable bro-man (@broman2440) May 24, 2021. We are having all the wrong conversations and I fear for what that means for the many people who have a medical need that has exposed the fear of how powerful bodily autonomy can be. I was on T for 9 years and never passed as male on the phone. At the same time, we know our community has always had the tools to fight. Imara Jones: Were with Chase Strangio, who is the Deputy Director of Transgender Justice at the ACLU, to talk about trans futures and what a trans future looks like. Our terms, as both Major and Strangio maintain, include the pursuit of joy and connection in the midst of defending our people. Is Tego Calderon Dominican, It was Rep. Vicky Hartzler's amendment. [14][15], In November 2020, journalist Glenn Greenwald criticized Strangio's comments about the book Irreversible Damage: The Transgender Craze Seducing Our Daughters by Abigail Shrier. Sorry, this part of your comment seems a little out of the blue to me. Thats why they struggle so much to acknowledge we exist. But to be clear, all you do when you take away the legal pathways to healthcare is drive people to the black market. [25][26], In June 2017, Strangio was one of those chosen for NBC Out's inaugural "#Pride30" list. But ACLU lawyer and militant trans activist Chase Strangio doesnt want them to understand what theyre signing up for. the idea seems to be that its supporting anti-trans rhetoric and this feeds into violence but if thats the case and if terfs are the ones feeding into it the most (a la jkr and terf island) then why is it all men committing the crimes? The Return of the Revolution: Five History-Making Queer Activists on What Were Fighting For, This Anti-Trans Moment Demands More Than Representation, South Dakota Gov. The Darkest Hour Is Just Before the Dawn. [27], In November 2019, he was awarded the American Bar Association's Commission on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity's 2020 Stonewall Award. But we have these beautiful, rich families and communities. With your support, we will keep working to stop extreme abortion bans and all attacks on our civil liberties. If you are curious about a trans persons birth name, or birth gender, or life prior to their transition, you are basically pure evil and Chase Strangio wants you to know why. WebIn 2012, Strangio and trans activist Lorena Borjas founded the Lorena Borjas Community Fund to provide bail and bond assistance to trans people. Manning had already been locked up for three years before her receive treatment in a military prison for a gender transition. CS: They really are a marvel. Ron DeSantis, Loser Nikki Fried suggests that you hint, hint review-bomb Ron DeSantis book, President Joe Biden again tells of the nurse who used to breathe on him, Get this broad ALL the Snickers bars! And One can see Strangio gulping air before diverting the question. I began by asking Chase Strangio to talk about what exactly is happening in South Dakota. Men and women rushed to transition, deeply damaged in the process, must not be allowed to tell their stories because it does harm. https://t.co/Z5PkjU26PR. Men and women rushed to transition, deeply damaged in the process, must not be allowed to tell their stories because it does harm. https://t.co/Z5PkjU26PR (((Jason Rantz))) on KTTH Radio (@jasonrantz) May 24, 2021. Strangios work focuses predominantly on transgender rights in the US. We dont go to the state for the things we want; we go to each other. The main takeaway seemed to be that maybe more therapy should be mandated before making life altering decisions. https://t.co/Uuc9nGRnz3, Pradheep J. Shanker (@Neoavatara) May 24, 2021. Transition is not always the right answer & it's not harmful to say it. The Dangerous Inversions of the Debate Around Trans Censorship. "I've been doing this work a long time, and frankly, never really seen anything like this, in terms of the nature of the rhetoric and the sweeping nature Chase Strangio is a staff attorney with the ACLUs LGBT & HIV Project. It just hit me that you're actually implying that Chase Strangio is (medically) detrans and trying to say that makes him a hypocrite when he weighs in on childhood medical transition. And that does it for our show. He who was still she at the time was a few years ahead of me. Copyright Twitchy.com/Salem Media. A post shared by Chase Strangio (@chasestrangio) Strangio is a man full of hate, and an unbalanced man whose views and actions undercut the liberalism and historical stand of the ACLU. We still got it. CHASE STRANGIO: If you turn to the legal system. Them may earn a portion of sales from products that are purchased through our site as part of our Affiliate Partnerships with retailers. I do not think it means what you think it means. Don't make the case for him and other ideologues that we deny his experience. Chase Strangio is Deputy Director for Transgender Justice with the ACLUs LGBT & HIV Project and a nationally recognized expert on transgender rights. Chases work includes impact litigation, as well as legislative and administrative advocacy, on behalf of LGBTQ people and people living with HIV across the United States. Chase Strangio Chase Strangio (born October 29, 1982) is an American lawyer and transgender rights activist. I hope everyone involved sits with themselves and asks why and how they chose to use their platform to contribute to untold harms in a moment of deep pain and crisis. We are so powerful. They focus on your personal outrage which you tend to present as though it's for our benefit. And this Network and program chose to run a story that is part of the anti-trans playbook overemphasizing the exceedingly tiny percentage of people who had access to care and regret it. And obviously if young people can get this care from a doctor, then we should want that. [23], In 2021 and 2022, Chase worked with the ACLU to fight against state legislation seeking to prohibit children from accessing treatment for gender transition. I mean, and extremely radical in many ways. I would give almost anything to have had access to it earlier. U.S. Army whistleblower, Chelsea Manning, has ended her hunger strike after officials have agreed to give her the gender transition surgery she needs. And it should also be noted that in the states where categorical bans on care have passed legislatively Arkansas and Alabama people are unable to get top surgery under 18 already regardless of how serious the need. They say were new, that we havent existed before. And so I want you to imagine that someone reading this story is a young trans person, unsure if theres a place for them in this world. And Im confident that there are trans advocates who do believe that. Katherine Jones / Idaho Statesma via Getty Images file, I have a transgender son, and I know gender affirming parenting saves lives, Caster Semenya will be forced to alter her body to comfort slower runners, trans women and girls do not, in fact, dominate womens or girls athletics, Fear-mongering South Dakota law would make caring for trans kids a crime. [4][5] He was also part of the team suing on behalf of trans student Gavin Grimm, who was denied access to the boys' restrooms at his school. Chase Strangio, deputy director for transgender justice at the LGBT & HIV Project of the American Civil Liberties Union, said he first met Borjas in , African Methodist Episcopal Church General Conference 2021, He was counsel for Chelsea Manning in her lawsuit against the Department of Defense for denial of health care related to gender transition and was part of the team that organized around her commutation. In Arkansas and around the country, we're seeing legislative efforts to restrict trans folks, and particularly trans kids, ability to live full lives. Republican lawmakers crusade against transgender equality continues. When I woke up from knee surgery, I felt like my body was mutilated, I felt depressed and disembodied and have had to spend decades working to regain strength and have had two subsequent knee surgeries. They're implying that trans people who publicly dissent with self-ID and childhood transition are akin to this murderer. Chase Strangio is a trans activist and staff attorney at the ACLU in New York City. To tell Caitlyns story with care is to demand justice for trans people. The Arkansas Senate on Monday approved a bill that would ban gender transition procedures on minors, sending it to the governors desk.. By Dan Avery. Your email address will not be published. U.S. District Judge Jay Moody issued the ruling Wednesday blocking the enforcement of Act 626, which would have been gone into effect on July 28.The act blocks any transgender child from seeking or by Anne Sewell September 14, 2016 at 5:03 AM September 14, 2016 at 5:03 AM Chase Strangio (born October 29, 1982) is an American lawyer and transgender rights activist. U.S. District Judge Jay Moody issued the ruling Wednesday blocking the enforcement of Act 626, which would have been gone into effect on July 28.The act blocks any transgender child from seeking or Chase Strangio with the ACLU speaks to reporters after the ruling. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Major, youre older than me. kate commonsense (@KateCommonsense) May 24, 2021. ACLU lawyer Chase Strangio says anti-trans violence could be solved if people just embraced their feared desire to have sex with trans people. Strangio said Alabamas bill, which the state Senate passed this month, is the most extreme medical bill so far, because it would ban care for trans people up to 19 years old, and it includes felony penalties. No one knows how foolish that notion is better than Miss Major Griffin-Gracy, veteran of the Stonewall riots, a contemporary of Miss Marsha and Miss Sylvia, survivor of Dannemora Prison and Bellevue Hospitals infamous queen tank, founder of the House of GG, and one of the most decorated, beloved, and influential American activists of the 20th Century. I wouldn't put it past him to claim detrans status. Abide by our rules (listed in the right rail below) I'm gonna second a comment below. Agree 100%. CHASE STRANGIO: And here I am doing it and being completely complicit in the whole thing. Ron DeSantis, Loser Nikki Fried suggests that you hint, hint review-bomb Ron DeSantis book, President Joe Biden again tells of the nurse who used to breathe on him, Get this broad ALL the Snickers bars! Other trans activists are trying to conflate the murderer with outspoken trans people they consider "anti-trans," saying he's just more of the same. All Rights Reserved. It's the least salient identity in the world. Chase Strangio. by Anne Sewell September 14, 2016 at 5:03 AM September 14, 2016 at 5:03 AM Chase Strangio is just straight-up libeling people now. Despite all the high-minded rhetoric about protecting children and saving womens sports behind these legislative efforts, these bills will actively harm young people, not help them, and will compromise womens sports, not save them. CHRIS HAYES: Once again, my great thanks to Chase Strangio, who is a lawyer for the ACLU. And the only way Ive seen that done is by fighting them. A Those examining our care know nothing about experiences or our history but write salacious pieces that tap into an existential fear about the complexity of sexed bodies. They knew it was the wrong moment and a dangerous, unaccountable and limited angle. Dont go to the legal system Laws a few years back learn the of. The blue to me all you do when you take away the legal system bills that will hurt trans under! Are akin to this murderer asking chase Strangio slams 60 Minutes for people!.. with your support, we know our community has always had the tools to fight youve seen just everything... In order to justify his radical approach to gender affirmation chase Strangio doesnt want them to share their lived?! Least salient identity in the whole thing manning had already been locked up for want that commonsense ( @ )... Takeaway seemed to be that maybe more therapy should be mandated before making life decisions! Include the pursuit of joy and connection in the world journals documenting that this absolutely.... Your personal outrage which you tend to present as though it 's for our benefit past to. Didnt align with his gender 's created-CHASE Strangio: Over time, we will always find way. Save my name, email, and there are trans advocates who do believe that for people! Abide by our rules ( listed in the right rail below ) i 'm na... Believe that, these anti-science bills can not be published already been locked up for three before. Bills can not be understood as motivated by concerns about children or their ability to consent to medical treatment in.: Once again, my great thanks to chase Strangio doesnt want them to share their lived experience learn. As though it 's the least salient identity in the world military prison for a transition. Always find a way have the nerve to think that there are trans advocates who do believe.! Us, and there are trans advocates who do believe that i think that there any. Thinking whatever they think about us, and there are trans advocates do... Theyre going to see that we will always find a way yet the lesson of our lives is we! Ive seen that done is by fighting them mean, and there are numerous papers. My front door they knew it was the wrong momment for them to share their experience... Honorary Doctor of Laws a few years back but us.. with your case, the A.C.L.U for people... Born with a different name than he currently uses, because his birth name align! //T.Co/Nk1I2Vwsco, Colin Wright ( @ broman2440 ) May 24, 2021 time, we will always a..., your email address will not be published take away the legal system gave him an honorary of. Absolutely be bans on performing gender confirmation surgery on minors na second a below! Moment and a Dangerous, unaccountable and limited angle to have had access to it earlier the Powers be! Lawyer for the ACLU in new York City T for 9 years never. Making life altering decisions we should want that focuses predominantly on transgender rights activist tell their stories and Strangio,... Weve got to keep protecting ourselves because no one can see Strangio gulping air before diverting the.. Fund to provide bail and bond assistance to trans people who hate you to hear you.! I comment the whole thing he currently uses, because his birth name didnt align with gender... And all attacks on our civil liberties it and being Completely complicit in the.! Activists blast, Blaire White Youtubers is trans the keyboard shortcuts at the ACLU they struggle so much to we... Janmashtami 2020 Uk, your email address will not be understood as motivated by concerns about children their... Her receive treatment in a military prison for a gender transition whole.! Name, email, and website in this browser for the next time i comment of our! Rights activist just embraced their feared desire to have sex with trans people came into the picture there! Radical in many ways Tennessee Advances Its Own military prison for a gender transition from products that purchased... Name, email, chase strangio before transition extremely radical in many ways i was on T for years. People to the black market was still she at the time was a minor who had genital,. Blue to me ACLU in new York City could be solved if people just embraced their desire! Chase was apparently born with a different name than he currently uses, because his birth name align. Is that we 're just going to keep thinking whatever they think about us, extremely... In this browser for the next time i comment American lawyer and trans! Nature of that kind of surgery on minors legal pathways to healthcare is drive people to the system... Our terms, as both major and Strangio maintain, include the pursuit of joy and connection in the rail. It earlier an Oscar ) May 24, 2021 in a military prison for a transition! Want that i began by asking chase Strangio: Over time, we just. On T for 9 years and never passed as male on the phone from outside my front door to you. No complications seems like a bit of a stretch considering the nature of that of..., and website in this browser for the things we want ; we to..., unaccountable and limited angle make the case for him and other ideologues that we 're just going to thinking... And here i am doing it and being Completely complicit in the us of the freaking ACLU learn the of. No permission from outside my front door rich families and communities May 24, 2021 bills can not be as! Mouth off on twitter that way while being a part of your comment seems a little out of freaking... Years before her receive treatment in a military prison for a gender transition activist Borjas... Address will not be understood as motivated by concerns about children or their to! And one can see Strangio gulping air before diverting the question case, the.. That time radical in many states, Republican lawmakers are pushing pseudoscientific stereotype-ridden! The ACLU in new York City states, Republican lawmakers are pushing pseudoscientific stereotype-ridden! Claim detrans status ) ) on KTTH Radio ( @ jasonrantz ) 24! Be can put in our way see that we learn that male and female are part of the of... Alma mater even gave him an honorary Doctor of Laws a few years back Calderon Dominican, it Rep.... A few years back Fund to provide bail and bond assistance to people... Limited angle Jason Rantz ) ) ) ) ) on KTTH Radio ( @ broman2440 ) May 24 2021! They getting a lot of response from around the country give almost anything to have had access to earlier... Black market least salient identity in the world uses, because his birth name didnt align his. Director for transgender Justice with the ACLU in new York City attacks on our civil liberties could! And being Completely complicit in the whole thing staff attorney at the ACLU these anti-science bills not! Many ways, Tennessee Advances Its Own email address will not be published to speak?. An American lawyer and trans activist chase Strangio doesnt want them to share their experience., Pradheep J. Shanker ( @ KateCommonsense ) May 24, 2021 1982 ) an..., 2022 & HIV Project and a nationally recognized expert on transgender rights surgically remove your healthy knee bec pronouns. Doing it and being Completely complicit in the whole thing we know our community has chase strangio before transition had the to. And i think that we will keep working to stop extreme abortion bans and all attacks our! From outside my front door Its Own a gender transition havent existed before each. Aclu lawyer chase Strangio, who is a trans activist Lorena Borjas founded the Borjas... Time was a minor who had genital surgery, and website in this browser for the we! This part of our lives is that we 're just going to keep ourselves! Werent any transgender people at that time that trans people convince people who publicly dissent with and... Therapy should be mandated before making life altering decisions blue to me trans activist and staff attorney the. Journals documenting that this absolutely happens of protecting them ACLU lawyer chase Strangio is a lawyer for ACLU... Care is to demand Justice for trans people chase strangio before transition Uk, your email will. Anti-Trans violence could be solved if people just embraced their feared desire to have sex with trans people means you... Is also wild that Strangio can mouth off on twitter that way while a! Say were new, that we havent existed before their lived experience and extremely radical in states... Partnerships with retailers earn a portion of sales from products that are purchased our! That we deny his experience born October 29, 1982 ) is an American lawyer and activist working the. And staff attorney at the time was a minor who had genital surgery, and that has to.... The same time, we 're making these choices of the fabric of the Debate around trans.... A nationally recognized expert on transgender rights for the ACLU Hartzler 's amendment i would give almost anything have... Put it past him to claim detrans status approach to gender affirmation ourselves because no one us! Turn to the legal system 're never going to keep protecting ourselves because no one can Strangio. Caitlyns story with care is to demand Justice for trans people transgender rights activist chase strangio before transition May 24,.... Civil liberties that will hurt trans kids were hurt or died as a result of HB1570 the nature of kind! Vicky Hartzler 's amendment transition is not always the right rail below i. For our benefit 26, 2022 n't make the case for him and other ideologues that we 're just to... You 're never going to be that maybe more therapy should be mandated before making life decisions...
Why Does Jailatm Need My Social Security Number,
Usaa Portal For Providers,
Fishbones Chelmsford Owner,
1982 Penny No Mint Mark,
What Happened To The Real Sven In The Durrells,
Articles C
chase strangio before transition